In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry C. LIGO is the largest and most ambitious project ever funded by the NSF. Scientists involved in the project and the analysis of the data for gravitational-wave astronomy are organized by the LSC, which includes more than 1000 scientists worldwide, as well as 440,000 active users as of December 2016. ![]() The detection of gravitational waves was reported in 2016 by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC) and the Virgo Collaboration with the international participation of scientists from several universities and research institutions. The improved detectors began operation in 2015. The Advanced LIGO Project to enhance the original LIGO detectors began in 2008 and continues to be supported by the NSF, with important contributions from the United Kingdom's Science and Technology Facilities Council, the Max Planck Society of Germany, and the Australian Research Council. They collected data from 2002 to 2010 but no gravitational waves were detected. The initial LIGO observatories were funded by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) and were conceived, built and are operated by Caltech and MIT. These observatories use mirrors spaced four kilometers apart which are capable of detecting a change of less than one ten-thousandth the charge diameter of a proton. ![]() Two large observatories were built in the United States with the aim of detecting gravitational waves by laser interferometry. ![]() The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory ( LIGO) is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool.
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